An Analysis-Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Analysis-Synthesis - Essay Example This paper will address the question, how can the Indian government best tackle the problem of parents selling their kids organs? Trafficking and selling of children or their organs is an issue that requires an urgent attention in India. This shocking trade still goes on up to date despite the barbaric nature it reflects. It is a more disturbing fact to establish that most of the children sold are sold at a price much lower than the cost of most animals. In India, children are treated like a commodity or good in a black market where the value is not much important as long as they are sold for a price. It is clear that these children are either relocated to certain parts of the country or moved across borders after they are sold. The children are solved for different purposes that include prostitution, forced labor, child soldiers or for organ removal (Nair, et.al, 2005). It is sickening to note that children are sold for organ removal to support the lives of other people, yet their own lives are considered useless. It is not sensible to support the life of one person by killing another person. The selling of the children is done through persuasion or coercion. In certain instances, children are gently persuaded by the members of their families or friends to comply and be sold by promising them a better life unlike the one they lead. In other cases, the children are coerced or forced into submission. In either case, children never have a bigger bargaining ground because in most cases they cannot make a decision on whether to be sold or not whether it is through persuasion or coercion (Nair, et.al, 2005). Rough estimates show that approximately 40 to 50 percent of human trafficking victims are children. More disheartening is the fact that that both the children and their families are mostly unaware of the danger because they honestly believe that they do this for children to have better lives in other countries where they will

Pulmonary Edema Lungs

Pulmonary Edema Lungs Outline of pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema is the inflammation of the lungs that occurs due to the excessive accumulation of fluids in the lungs (alveoli) which results in poor exchange of gases which can cause dyspnea and finally respiratory and cardiac failure. Symptoms: The common symptoms of pulmonary edema include Dyspnea i.e. difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, noisy and labored respirations rales, blood in cough, restlessness, anxiety, palor (paleness of skin). Diagnosis: It can be diagnosed by physical examination and knowing the patients medical history. By checking the wheezing sounds that are whistling or musical sound that can be heard without a stethoscope and inspiratory crackling sound that can be heard at the end of deep breath with the help of stethoscope and the characteristic third sound of the heart which can be seen in the cases of cardiogenic pulmonary edema patients. Apart from those general blood tests like liver enzymes, electrolytes, complete blood count etc. is done than a final confirmation is made by the X-ray of the lungs. Pulmonary Edema is a disease that affects the heart finally and begins in the lungs. Due to the inadequate pumping of the left ventricle, fluid accumulates in the spaces outside the blood vessels in the tissues of the lungs. It leads to a complication of heart disorders, sometimes acting as the first sign of coronary heart disease, and most commonly associated with congestive heart failure. It can be chronic or develop suddenly and quickly become life threatening. As large amounts of fluid suddenly shift from the pulmonary blood vessels to the lungs then pulmonary edema becomes life-threatening. When the heart begins to fail, the veins going through the lungs build up pressure and in turn the lungs pressure begins to rise which results in the building up of fluid being pushed into the alveoli. This fluid interrupts our normal oxygen flow through the lungs. Results and symptoms of pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema occurs due to excessive accumulation of fluids and foam into the alveoli of the lungs when the pulmonary blood vessels are engorged. It can often be associated with congestive heart failure. It begins primarily with the building up of fluids in the microscopic alveoli of the lungs causing poor respiratory exchange resulting in Dyspnea with noisy and labored respirations. Rales which are powdery or gravelly sounds can be heard with stethoscope and some patients even cough up blood-tinged sputum. It occurs when the heart becomes damaged or weakened; as a result unable to pump blood to all the parts of the body, typically beginning with the left heart failure as a consequence of the damaged left ventricle which leads to backing up of the blood first in the pulmonary vessels and finally in systemic vessels. As a consequence blood fluids are forced into the body tissues due to increased pressure in the vessels causing a swelling known as edema. If it occurs in the alveoli of the lungs it is termed as pulmonary edema. Finally it can lead to congestive heart failure. Shortness of breath; Difficulty in breathing: Diseases like pulmonary edema leads to shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing which is known as Dyspnea which occurs due to poor respiratory exchange in the lungs. It causes labored and noisy respirations often associated with powdery or gravely sounds known as rales when checked with the stethoscope. Dyspnea is not a primary illness but a condition brought about by a number of medical, traumatic and environmental causes. It can be related to Lung diseases, heart conditions, allergic reactions, CO poisoning, etc. In most cases it occurs when a disease has caused some kind of direct interference with either the flow of air into and out of the lungs or with the exchange of gases within the lungs. In typical dyspnea, as in the case of asthma the problem causing interference originates in the lungs itself. Dyspnea can be classified into acute dyspnea with sudden onset can be caused by anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrhythmias trauma, etc. and chronic dyspnea which can be caused by Asthma, Bronchitis, COPD, Neuromuscular disorders, etc. Air hunger or feeling of drowning, Grunting of gurgling sounds with breathing, Wheezing As a sign of congestive heart failure the patient would wish to remain in a seated or semi-reclined position which allows less labored respiration. The patient should be kept calm to conserve body heat. These oxygen hungry patients will accept oxygen therapy without difficulty. In severe lung diseases like an Asthma attack, the small bronchioles becomes narrower due to the contraction of the smooth muscles that make up the airway apart from the overproduction of thick mucus leading to the restriction of airflow. The airflow is restricted in mainly in one direction such as, during inhalation, the expansion of lungs exerts an outward force resulting in the increase in the diameter of the airway, allowing air to flow into the lungs. During exhalation the opposite occurs resulting in the trapping of the stale air into the lungs which requires forceful exhalation of air by the patient, producing the characteristic wheezing sound associated with asthma. Wheezing sounds are whistling or musical sounds that can be heard without a stethoscope. Gurgling is caused often due to a foreign object, or blood and other fluids in the trachea. It is believed that cardiac murmurs are associated with the possibility of heart failure which is not correct as in about 50 % of the heart failure cases there is no murmur observed. Still a cardiologist should take note seriously if any murmur is present in the patient. In the diagnosis of heart failure Gallop rhythm (one can imagine the sounds of hooves of horse smoothly running at full speed) is very typical and significant. SOB with lying down, you may need to sleep with you head propped: The affects of the body position of a person sometimes gives an idea about the underlying disorder causing dyspnea. For example in platypnea, that is dyspnea while sitting gives indications of a liver disease. The worse type of Dyspnea is when the patient is lying down and suffering from shortness of breath, which is associated with heart disease or paralysis of the diaphragm. It is called as orthopnea. Another type of dyspnea is PND (Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) which occurs during sleep forcing the patient to wake up gasping for breath; usually relieving the patient if he / she sit up or stands. It may indicate the dysfunctioning of the left ventricle of the heart, narrowing of the mitral valve or hypertension. If a patient is suffering from orthopnea he sleeps with the head propped up. Cough: It is an annoying symptom which can occur as a result of many causes such as pulmonary edema, tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Asthma, etc. Anxiety: Factors like excessive worry, nervousness, instability, nausea, etc. are the major symptoms of anxiety. Restlessness: It can be caused by a number of factors such as anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, hyperactivity, etc. Excessive sweating: Sweating is due to the presence of sweat glands under our skin, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system of our body and whenever our body temperature rises sweating is stimulated. Thus, it controls the body temperature. Emotional stress also stimulates sweating. Palor or pale coloration or cyanosis of the parts will also take place during any respiratory or cardiac attack. Sympathetic over stimulation leads to symptoms like palor, sweating, and tachycardia during heart failure. Additional symptoms with progression of the disease: Nasal flaring: It is an indication of breathing difficulty caused by the enlargement of the nostril opening during breathing; as a result the total airway resistance is reduced. Inability to speak: The patient may not be able to speak due to pulmonary obstruction or cardiac failure. Decrease in levels of awareness: the level of awareness or consciousness of the patient will also go down during any respiratory or cardiac attack.

Comparing Satire in Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis and The Simpsons Essay

The Power of Satire in Babbitt and The Simpsons      Ã‚   Sinclair Lewis used his writing to promote the enrichment of American society by attacking the weaknesses he perceived in his era.   His most notable work, Babbitt, is a satire on the middle class lifestyle and attitude of the 1920s.   Lewis' satirical style and voice is comparable to the modern television series The Simpsons, written by Matt Groening.   Babbitt and The Simpsons contain numerous similarities in satirical writing, presentation and commentary.   Matt Groening satirizes many modern situations with his style and characterization in The Simpsons that are similar to the conditions in Babbitt.   The Simpsons represent the pinnacle of how Lewis' opinions are still alive in today's world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lewis uses both the effects of direct and indirect satire.   Lewis is a realistic satirist who, like many others, can "...utilize their vast firsthand knowledge of the material they describe and their sensitive ear for dialogue to support the illusion of reality" (Feinburg 61).   Lewis' firsthand knowledge is seen through the use of the minister Mike Monday in Babbitt, which is a satirical poke at the minister Billie Sunday of his time which would be unknown to him unless he knew the current events of his era.   Lewis first presents an obviously dead end idea through a foolish character, then has it refuted by an outside voice of reason, only to have the original character praise and defend the idea until he likely fails or realizes his blunder (Feinburg 92).   This type of interaction can be seen in Babbitt through a conversation between George and Myra. Babbitt begins by defending his new found liberalism and denounc ing the Good Citizens Leagu... ...to the greatest ongoing modern satire of our time" (Whitbourn and Kim 1).   The two shall never be forgotten as their sayings, "Oh by gee, by gosh, by jingo," and "D'oh!" will continue to ring out of America's middle class forever (Lewis 13).   Works Cited Carlisle, Henry C., ed. American Satire in Prose and Verse. New York:   Random House, 1962.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feinburg, Leonard. Introduction to Satire.   Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1967. Groening, Matt. The Simpsons A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family. Ed. Ray Richmond. New York: HarperPerrenial, 1997.   Kim, James, and Cade Whitbourn. The Simpsons. "Matt Groening." 1998. School of Media and   Communication. 23 Nov 2002. <http://mdcm.artsunsw.edu.au/Students98/WhitbournC/innovate1/creator.html>. Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. 1922. New York: Signet Classic, 1998.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparing Satire in Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis and The Simpsons Essay The Power of Satire in Babbitt and The Simpsons      Ã‚   Sinclair Lewis used his writing to promote the enrichment of American society by attacking the weaknesses he perceived in his era.   His most notable work, Babbitt, is a satire on the middle class lifestyle and attitude of the 1920s.   Lewis' satirical style and voice is comparable to the modern television series The Simpsons, written by Matt Groening.   Babbitt and The Simpsons contain numerous similarities in satirical writing, presentation and commentary.   Matt Groening satirizes many modern situations with his style and characterization in The Simpsons that are similar to the conditions in Babbitt.   The Simpsons represent the pinnacle of how Lewis' opinions are still alive in today's world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lewis uses both the effects of direct and indirect satire.   Lewis is a realistic satirist who, like many others, can "...utilize their vast firsthand knowledge of the material they describe and their sensitive ear for dialogue to support the illusion of reality" (Feinburg 61).   Lewis' firsthand knowledge is seen through the use of the minister Mike Monday in Babbitt, which is a satirical poke at the minister Billie Sunday of his time which would be unknown to him unless he knew the current events of his era.   Lewis first presents an obviously dead end idea through a foolish character, then has it refuted by an outside voice of reason, only to have the original character praise and defend the idea until he likely fails or realizes his blunder (Feinburg 92).   This type of interaction can be seen in Babbitt through a conversation between George and Myra. Babbitt begins by defending his new found liberalism and denounc ing the Good Citizens Leagu... ...to the greatest ongoing modern satire of our time" (Whitbourn and Kim 1).   The two shall never be forgotten as their sayings, "Oh by gee, by gosh, by jingo," and "D'oh!" will continue to ring out of America's middle class forever (Lewis 13).   Works Cited Carlisle, Henry C., ed. American Satire in Prose and Verse. New York:   Random House, 1962.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feinburg, Leonard. Introduction to Satire.   Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1967. Groening, Matt. The Simpsons A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family. Ed. Ray Richmond. New York: HarperPerrenial, 1997.   Kim, James, and Cade Whitbourn. The Simpsons. "Matt Groening." 1998. School of Media and   Communication. 23 Nov 2002. <http://mdcm.artsunsw.edu.au/Students98/WhitbournC/innovate1/creator.html>. Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. 1922. New York: Signet Classic, 1998.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Data for Newark General Hospital Essay

A. Calculate and interpret the profit variance. Profit Variance = Actual Profit – Static Profit = 0.3 – 0.6 = -0.3 In words Newark General hospital was $300,000 below standard, and made less profit than their expectations. B. Calculate and interpret the Revenue variance. Revenue Variance = Actual Revenues – Static Revenues = 4.5 – 4.7 = -0.2 In words Newark General Hospital was $200,000 below standard, and generated less revenues than their expectations. C. Calculate and interpret the Cost variance. Cost Variance = Static Costs – Actual Costs = 4.1 – 4.2 = – 0.1 In words Newark General Hospital’s $100,000 cost variance indicates that realized cost was much greater than expected. D. Calculate and interpret the volume and price variance on the revenue side. Volume Variance = Flexible Revenues – Static Revenues = 4.8 – 4.7 = 0.1 Price Variance = Actual Revenues – Flexible Revenues = 4.5 – 4.8 = -0.3 These variances tell that higher than expected volume should have resulted in revenues being $100,000 greater than expected. However, this potential revenue increase was partially offset by fact that realized prices were less than expected. The end result of higher volume at lower prices is realized revenue that was $200,000 less than forcasted. E. Calculate and interpret the Volume and management variances on the cost sides. Volume Variance = Static Costs – Flexible Costs = 4.1 – 4.1 = 0 In words Newark General Hospital had no affect of volume to the costs of the Hospital, so, there was no change in the volume, which leaded to higher cost. Management Variance = Flexible Costs – Actual Costs =4.1 – 4.2 = -0.1 In words, in the Hospital cost overrun happened by some factor which are either controllable or can be controlled by management. F. How are the variances calculated above related? Explaining variances in financial statements is vital to the success of a business. Variances are the difference between budgeted amounts and actual income or expenses. Managers use variance reports to make changes in financial forecasts and monitor the performance of a business or organization. Variance explanations might prompt a manager to put stronger financial controls in place or to reallocate resources. 8.2: 2007 revenues for the Wendover Group Practice Association for four different budgets, in thousands of dollars: | |Flexible |Flexible | | |Static Budget |(Enrollment/Utilization) |(Enrollment) |Actual Results | | |Budget |Budget | | |$425 |$200 |$180 |$300 | A. What does the budget data tell you about the nature of Wendover’s patients: Are they capitated of fee-for-service? As per the budget data given for Wandover’s patients are capitated that is why information is divided into two flexible budgets, i. One for flexed for both enrollment and utilization and, ii. One flexed only for enrollment. B. Calculate and interpret the following variances. i. Revenue Variance: = Actual Revenue – Static Revenue = 300 – 425 = -125 Which indicates negative variance, so that revenue was $125,000 less than expected. ii. Volume Variance: = Flexible Revenues – Static Revenues = 200 – 425 = -225 iii. Price Variance: = Actual Revenues – Flexible Revenues = 300 – 200 = 100 Here lower than expected volume should have resulted in revenue being $225,000 lower than expected, however, this potential revenue decrease was partially offset by the fact that realized prices were more than expected. The end result of lower volume at higher prices is realized revenue that was $125,000 less than forecasted. iv. Enrollment Variance: = Flexible (Enrollment revenues) – Static revenues = 180 – 424 = -245 v. Utilization Variance: = Flexible Revenues (Enrollment/Utilization) – Flexible = 200 – 180 = 20 The volume variance can be broken down further. Enrollment changes (deficiencies) caused a $245,000 shortfall from budget. However, utilization by the enrolled population was slightly down, which produced $20,000 in unexpected profit. Together, the enrollment shortfall and utilization decrease resulted in a volume shortfall of $225,000. In essence, some of the enrollment deficiency was offset by improvement in utilization control.

The Planet Takes Care of Us, Not We of It

â€Å"The planet takes care of us, not we of it. † One could say that the planet earth is a system, interacting with objects in space such as the sun and the moon. The mass and diameter of these objects, their distance from earth and the amount of heat they radiates makes the conditions on earth ideal for life to exist. Over the years, humans have begun to consume at a much faster rate than before. Yes, fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil are being used at a greedy rate, but the ground is busy making some more.Yes, too many trees providing shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit and nuts are being cut down to produce wood products such as paper, furniture and housing, but it’s not like we’ve run out of oxygen†¦ the world always seems to work itself out. A problem is detected, the loophole discovered, and our planet renovates and replenishes itself. The earth doesn’t need our help, and even if it did, I don’t think we are prepared to o ffer it. Humans are greedy little children, and we never had to grow up because Mother Nature was always there for us even when we are not there for her.Saving the world is a grand gesture needs a large amount of energy and people, and it would never happen that all the people of the world come together with one goal, to save the planet. We don’t even know how to properly fend for ourselves, nor do we know how to keep peace with our neighbors, so how could we ever even attempt to take care of the biggest thing we know, our home, our planet, our earth, which had been standing tall as it still is, four and a half million years before mankind even existed?This of course, is only one approach to a hugely controversial topic, and the other side says we must live green and â€Å"reduce, recycle and reuse†. I do believe a lot of people want to see that happen and admire the concept, but they are just too lazy to go through with it. Either way, here comes my question, if we we re going to lend a hand and â€Å"take care† of our planet, would that truly be what we are doing?Or is that phrase just a witty twist of words used as a facade to conceal our self-centered nature†¦ Think about it, if we cease to reduce our carbon footprint and encourage global warming, say we melt the icecaps and increase the sea-level, ruin the soil with our chemicals and pollute every acre of the earth with our damned plastic bags to the point where the air is too dirty to breathe, the soil too tired to harvest on and the water too toxic to drink.What happens? Mankind will die out, life as we know it will never be the same, but the planet? The earth will still be here, only we will not. So are we really trying to take care of the planet, or are we just taking care of ourselves? Is us trying to take care of the planet a selfless, humanitarian act or is it just more evidence to our self absorbed nature?

Free Essays on Hamlets Madness

The â€Å"Big Bang† at the Hippodrome State Theatre in Downtown Gainesville, Florida is the opening play of the season. It went off with out a hitch and was raved about by a couple of friends of mine who told my girlfriend and me that we needed to attend it; so we did. â€Å"The Hippodrome State Theatre is North Florida's only professional regional theatre. Celebrating its 30th year of artistic excellence, the Hippodrome is designated as a Cultural Institution and a State Theatre of Florida† (Hippodrome website). The audience that I shared the pleasure of attending this outrageously funny version of history telling was a very diverse group. I saw people there of all ages, shapes, sizes, colors, and of course sexes. Being that it is a College town there is always going to be more people from the age bracket of 18 – 25 at an event like this. Some events this may not be the case, but in the case of a comedic play down town this is approximately normal. It is a story of history, a recreation play of all the major events in history. It has a very comedic view of how the world has lived and evolved over the centuries all the way up to what we know as today. The play begins with the two off Broadway creators, â€Å"Jed† and â€Å"Boyd†. These men are in the borrowed Park Avenue penthouse of Mrs. Sidney Lipbalm to perform their new creation, an epic musical that spans the history of the world from the Big Bang to the present, for potential backers. Their play is budgeted for $83.5 million with a cast of 318 performers and 6,428 costumes. The average running time is 12 hours. Lucky for the backers, the people in the audience, the creators will only be performing â€Å"highlights† of the impending extravaganza. The two creators accompanied by a third actor on the piano perform eighteen side splitting musical numbers, singing, dancing, narrating, and portraying every major figure in world and pop history from Adam and Eve, Attila the Hun, J... Free Essays on Hamlets Madness Free Essays on Hamlets Madness The â€Å"Big Bang† at the Hippodrome State Theatre in Downtown Gainesville, Florida is the opening play of the season. It went off with out a hitch and was raved about by a couple of friends of mine who told my girlfriend and me that we needed to attend it; so we did. â€Å"The Hippodrome State Theatre is North Florida's only professional regional theatre. Celebrating its 30th year of artistic excellence, the Hippodrome is designated as a Cultural Institution and a State Theatre of Florida† (Hippodrome website). The audience that I shared the pleasure of attending this outrageously funny version of history telling was a very diverse group. I saw people there of all ages, shapes, sizes, colors, and of course sexes. Being that it is a College town there is always going to be more people from the age bracket of 18 – 25 at an event like this. Some events this may not be the case, but in the case of a comedic play down town this is approximately normal. It is a story of history, a recreation play of all the major events in history. It has a very comedic view of how the world has lived and evolved over the centuries all the way up to what we know as today. The play begins with the two off Broadway creators, â€Å"Jed† and â€Å"Boyd†. These men are in the borrowed Park Avenue penthouse of Mrs. Sidney Lipbalm to perform their new creation, an epic musical that spans the history of the world from the Big Bang to the present, for potential backers. Their play is budgeted for $83.5 million with a cast of 318 performers and 6,428 costumes. The average running time is 12 hours. Lucky for the backers, the people in the audience, the creators will only be performing â€Å"highlights† of the impending extravaganza. The two creators accompanied by a third actor on the piano perform eighteen side splitting musical numbers, singing, dancing, narrating, and portraying every major figure in world and pop history from Adam and Eve, Attila the Hun, J...

How To Use Advanced Link-Building Tactics To Crush SEO [PODCAST]

How To Use Advanced Link-Building Tactics To Crush SEO [PODCAST] Everyone wants more traffic, particularly organic traffic. The way to get that is to boost your SEO strategy to rank better and to drive more people to your website. But what is this SEO game all about? How does Google decide who it loves and who it doesn’t? Is having industry influencers sending their own audience members to your site just a pipe dream? Today we’re talking to Joshua Hardwick, the founder of the SEO Project and a writer at Ahrefs. He’s going to talk to us about outreach-based SEO. If you’ve been wanting to get your site at the top of the Google results page (and who hasn’t?), you won’t want to miss today’s show. Some of the highlights include: A bit of information about The Seo Project and what is on the blog. What outreach-based link-building is and why it’s important to someone’s SEO strategy. Why the quality and usefulness of your content is still king, no matter what your SEO strategy is. The importance of knowing your audience: What do they want to read about? Joshua talks about a few hints and tips for getting more people to read your content. Why the skyscraper technique often works well. How to reach out to industry influencers in an effort to build a relationship. Some ways NOT to approach link-building with outreach. Tips on how to know whether your strategy is working: What metrics should you be looking for? The SEO Project Skyscraper Technique Joshua on Ahrefs BuzzSumoIf you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Joshua: â€Å"The first place to start is to have something worthwhile, something that people will actually link to.† â€Å"My number one piece of advice would be just to be as genuine as you possibly can.† â€Å"Even if youre creating great content, even if you’ve got everything else right, most people won’t rank for the terms that they want to rank for without getting at least some links.†

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Study Guide

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Study Guide The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,  by L. Frank Baum, is a book that has transcended its time and place.  More than a century after its publication, it remains a seminal piece of popular culture (helped, of course, by the iconic 1939 film adaptation starring Judy Garland). Much of the novel’s continued  popularity and presence can be attributed the stunning imagination that Baum brought to the work. Equally important, however, is the fact that the story lends itself to multiple interpretations. New generations continue to reinterpret the tale, despite Baums own insistence in the original introduction that the story â€Å"was written solely to please children of today.† Fast Facts: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Author: L. Frank BaumPublisher:  George M. Hill CompanyYear Published:  1900Genre:  Childrens novel  Original language: English  Themes:  Childhood innocence, inner strength, friendship  Characters:  Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion, the Wicked Witch of the West, the Wizard, Glinda the Good Witch of the NorthNotable adaptations:  The Wizard of Oz  (1939, dir. Victor Fleming)   Plot Dorothy is a young girl living in Kansas with her Uncle Henry and Aunt Em. A cyclone hits; terrified, Dorothy’s dog Toto hides under the bed. Dorothy goes to fetch him as her aunt and uncle hide in the cellar. The Cyclone carries the whole house- with Dorothy and Toto in it- away. When they land, Dorothy discovers that she has arrived in Munchkinland, part of the Land of Oz. The house has landed on and killed the Wicked Witch of the East. Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, arrives. She gives Dorothy the Wicked Witch’s silver slippers and tells her that to get home she will have to travel down the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City to ask for help from the Wizard. As Dorothy and Toto travel, they meet three companions: A Scarecrow, a Tin Woodman, and a Cowardly Lion. Each lack something- the Scarecrow needs a brain, the Tin Woodman needs a heart, and the Lion needs courage- so Dorothy suggests they all travel to the Emerald City together to ask the Wizard for help. At the Emerald City, the Wizard agrees to give them each what they seek if they kill the Wicked Witch of the West. In Winkie Land, the Wicked Witch sees them coming, and attacks them several times on the way. Finally the Witch uses a magical Golden Cap to summon flying monkeys, who tear the stuffing out of the Scarecrow, dent the Woodman badly, and capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Lion. The Wicked Witch makes Dorothy her slave and tricks her out of one of her silver shoes. This annoys Dorothy and in a fit of anger she throws water on the Witch, and is astonished to see her melt away. The Winkies are delighted and ask the Tin Woodman to become their king, which he agrees to do once Dorothy is home. Dorothy uses the Golden Cap to have the Flying Monkeys carry them back to the Emerald City. There, Toto accidentally reveals the truth: The Wizard is just an ordinary man who traveled from Omaha via hot air balloon many years before. He gives the Scarecrow new stuffing in his head for brains, the Woodman a stuffed silk heart, and the Lion a potion for courage. The Wizard agrees to take Dorothy home with him in his balloon, appointing the Scarecrow ruler in his absence, but once again Toto runs off and as Dorothy gives chase the Wizard accidentally cuts his lines and floats away. Dorothy asks the Flying Monkeys to carry her home, but they cannot cross the desert that bounds Oz on all sides. She and her friends set off to Quadling Country to seek the help of Glinda. Along the way the Lion is asked to become king of the animals in a forest and agrees to do so once Dorothy is home. The Flying Monkeys are summoned for a third and final time to fly them the rest of the way to Glinda. Glinda tells Dorothy that her silver shoes will take her anywhere she wishes to go, and then uses the Golden Cap to ask the Flying Monkeys to take her friends to their respective new kingdoms, and then sets the Monkeys free. Dorothy returns joyously to Kansas with Toto, ecstatic to be home. Major Characters Dorothy:  The  protagonist of the story. She is a young girl from Kansas who lives  with her aunt and uncle on their farm. She maintains a cheerful and childlike happiness in the face of adversity, and demonstrates bravery in frightening moments. She has little patience for deception or indecisiveness. The Scarecrow:  A scarecrow whose greatest  wish is to have the intelligence he believes he lacks. He joins Dorothys journey to the Wizard in order to request a brain.  Ã‚   The Tin Woodman: A former woodchopper who was cursed by the Wicked Witch of the East. Her spell  caused an enchanted axe to chop off each of his limbs.  The Tin Woodman slowly replaced every part of his body with tin, but he did not replace his heart. He wants to ask the Wizard for a heart. The Cowardly Lion:  A lion who  believes himself to be a coward.   The Wicked Witch of the West:  The sister  of The Wicked Witch of the East (who was killed accidentally by Dorothy). She is very powerful and very angry at all times, and is greedy for more power. The Wizard. An ordinary human who, like Dorothy, traveled  into Oz by accident. Taken to be a powerful wizard by the inhabitants of Oz, he goes along with the ruse and builds up an illusion of immense power, though he means no harm. Glinda the Good Witch of the North. A good witch, Glinda is kind and merciful, but her influence diminishes away from her home in the North. She attempts to safeguard and guide Dorothy throughout her adventures. Themes Many of the themes of the book can be seen as simple lessons Baum wished to convey to his young readers. Childhood Innocence:  The story celebrates a conception of childhood that combines duty, virtue, and good behavior with an unfettered imagination. Baum paints Dorothy as thoroughly enjoying her voyage through the magical world of Oz while never flagging in her determination to return home. Inner Strength:  Through the story many of the characters start off believing themselves to be lacking in some fundamental way- the brains, courage, and heart Dorothy’s companions wish for, and Dorothy herself seeks a way to get home- that they turn out to have always possessed. Friendship: The power of helping others and caring for them triumphs over the greed and anger of the Wicked Witch. None of the characters would have found what they wanted without the help of the others. Literary Style and Devices Straightforward Text:  Inspired by classic fairy tales, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is written in a straightforward, plain way that is easy for children to read and understand. Bright Colors: Baum uses a lot of description, emphasizing bright colors and exuberant descriptions in order to generate mental images. Repetition: Baum uses repetition powerfully. Goals, important details, and other aspects of the story are repeated, as are plot points- there are several smaller quests nested inside the main one of Dorothy getting home, for example. Compartmentalized Chapters:  Baum makes  it easy to keep things straight by focusing each chapter on a single main event, with a clear end-point when the chapter finishes. This style makes it easier to easy to read the story in several sittings, as a parent might to a children. Interpretations of The Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is frequently interpreted as more than just a children’s story.  Complex political, social, and historical theories have been credited to it. Populism. One of the most famous theories involves the populist movement that collapsed in the late 19th century, linked to the debate over monetary policy. According to this theory, Dorothy represents the American people as innocent and easily fooled, while other characters represent aspects of society or politicians of the time. Economic forces and theories are represented by The Yellow Brick Road (the gold standard) and the Emerald City (paper money), and the Wizard is the deceptive politicians manipulating the public. There’s more to the theory, but the more you dig into it the less sense it tends to make. Religion.  The Wonderful Wizard of Oz  is frequently identified as a coded allegory by both Christians and atheists, usually using the same symbols in different ways. For religious readers, the story can be seen as a tale of resisting temptations and battling evil through faith. For atheists, the Wizard is a deity who is ultimately revealed to be a sham. Feminism.  There is evidence of a  feminist subtext in The Wizard of Oz. The male characters are all lacking- they are fakes, cowards, and frozen, or part of otherwise oppressed or passive  groups. The women- Dorothy and Glinda most notably- are the true powers in Oz. Legacy The Wonderful Wizard of Oz continues to be read by children and adults around the world. It has been adapted many times for stage and screen and continues to influence both children’s literature and adult fiction. The storys  imagery and symbolism- the Yellow Brick Road, the silver shoes (turned into Ruby Slippers for the classic film), the green-skinned witch, the fanciful companions- are regularly used in new works as both callbacks and reinterpretation. The book is often described as the first American fairy tale, and is indeed one of the first children’s stories to specifically refer to American locations and culture. Key Quotes â€Å"There is no place like home.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh no, my dear; Im really a very good man; but Im a very bad Wizard, I must admit.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Brains do not make one happy, and happiness is the best thing in the world.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The true courage is in facing danger when you are afraid, and that kind of courage you have in plenty.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"How can you talk if you haven’t got a brain? I don’t know†¦ But some people without brains do an awful lot of talking†¦ don’t they?†

Discuss whether or not the 19th century was a period of progress Essay

Discuss whether or not the 19th century was a period of progress - Essay Example A perusal of the writings of various 19th century authors like Mary Shelley, Frederick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, Rudyard Kipling, John Stuart Mill and Stà ©phane Mallarmà © was made to ascertain the answer to the problem being posed. The result of the inquiry into the aforesaid writers’ works supports the hypothesis that the 19th century was a period of progress not only in the realm of sciences and research but also in the areas of human and social outlook. The 19th century was a period of growth in the field of sciences, research and industry. This is the implication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) which is a Gothic novel about a scientist who discovered how to give life to inanimate objects such as a corpse. It is evident from this work that at the time Shelley wrote this novel, the industrial revolution already exploded at least in Europe which became her basis for her descriptions of the mechanical contraptions used by her primary character to create his ‘monster.’ The miserable musings of Frankenstein who is both guilt-ridden for having stepped into the shoes of God and loathing of the ugly creature, which is human but not human, he created represent Shelley’s caveat against engaging too much in insatiable scientific quests and exploration to the extent of overstepping on God’s jurisdiction. This is evident in the following lines by Frankenstein: â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, then he who aspires to be greater than his nature will allow† (33). This passage implies that at the time Shelley wrote this novel in 1818, there was a stream of scientific movements going on quite different and more advanced and bolder in scope than what the world was used to that it alarmed the mind of the then young Shelley who must have thought these developments were bordering on blasphemy. To this extent, Shelley

Non Profit Organizations Inter Agency Collaboration Thesis

Non Profit Organizations Inter Agency Collaboration - Thesis Example horities will seek to align and incorporate strategic objectives while retaining flexibility and influence over outcomes and assuring value for money† (21). This implies that the vision shared by the collaborating agencies call for an alignment of their business culture and aspirations for comparable levels of service quality that entails commitment to openness between these agencies (Foster, 2002). In the case of non profit organizations, collaboration between agencies is usually the practice in the implementation of joint projects for the welfare of their stakeholders. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses â€Å"nonprofit† as a legal term referring to organizations that may only use their revenues for their charitable or educational mission rather than profiting from their projects and distributing the profits to owners or shareholders (Eschenfelder, 2007). These nonprofit organizations are classified as tax exempt. Those who donate to public charity can claim a tax deduction (Berry, 2005). Unlike governments, non-profit agencies have no taxing authority, so they are reliant on charitable donations, volunteerism and grants from private foundations and government (Eschenfelder, 2007). It follows that nonprofit organizations face the perennial challenge of securing funds to cover costs of implementing their mission. Arsenault (1998) contends that nonprofit organizations maintain separate systems simultaneously: that of obtaining resources and another system serving their consumers. On the contrary, for-profit organizations operate only under one system that involves consumers purchasing products and services for the revenue generation of the organization – both processes happening simultaneously in just one system (148). In addition, nonprofits that use volunteers manage two human resources systems: the employed staff and another system for the volunteers. It is apparent that planning a nonprofit merger is more complex due to all the considerations

Strategic Management CEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Management CEO - Essay Example It appears that the management believes in making strategic moves to be in the best position for long-term benefits. According to the article reviewed, Google's vision has been sketched out. This may be asserted because of some of the elements that the CEO of Google, Mr. Schmidt, highlighted. To go back to Mr. Schmidt's beginning with Google, he first of all said that there "wasn't much of an infrastructure". With only three basic individuals in the decision-making process, Mr. Schmidt asserts, "two people have to agree". After this, the third one has to be convinced or the third one may try and work his thoughts against the two that agree. Aside from decision-making that decides a number of things, Google's vision is to be prepared. This is why they consider the future and also consider reasons for an IPO, such as "either liquidity, venture returns, the ability to do acquisitions". However, Mr. Schmidt says that Google does not have any such "pressure", and so, they think about what they can do to finance newer projects of Google with lower risk. According to Mr. Schmidt, Google had one objective from day one, which was to "build a culture". Indeed, Google has achieved this over its period of existence. However, the job is not done yet, as there is a more that this company can do.

History of Maya Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

History of Maya - Essay Example In the warm climate ÃŽ ¿f the Maya area, clothing as protection from the elements had never been a necessity. Maya clothing was used as decoration and the most spectacular clothes were for the priest. The Maya personages wore large ear plugs, necklaces, breastplates, ornaments attached to the nose, lips, waist, legs, arms, all were used for resplendent effect. Mayan peasants wore very little. The men had a simple loincloth or rather a band ÃŽ ¿f material that went once around their waist and then between their legs. Some at least possessed deerskin moccasins. The women had two garments a length ÃŽ ¿f decorated cloth with holes cut for head and arms, known as a kub. Man and women used a heavier square ÃŽ ¿f cloth known as a manta, which served as an overwrap on cold days, and as a night time blanket. The mantra was used as a curtain across the doorway. Cotton and sisal were cultivated on a considerable scale, and weaving was one ÃŽ ¿f the main occupations ÃŽ ¿f Mayan women. Authorities think that cotton was reserved for nobility and priests. While the dress ÃŽ ¿f the peasants was simple, that ÃŽ ¿f the nobility was much more colorful and elaborates. Although their clothing was sparse, the Maya were fond ÃŽ ¿f personal adornment. The ordinary people wore ornaments ÃŽ ¿f bone, shell, wood, and stone in their ears, noses, and lips. For people in the higher rank, the decorations were ÃŽ ¿f metal or jade. They also filed their teeth into points and sometimes covered them with plates ÃŽ ¿f what were to them precious stones. ... The Maya personages wore large earplugs, necklaces, breastplates, ornaments attached to the nose, lips, waist, legs, arms, all were used for resplendent effect (Brainerd 68). Mayan peasants wore very little. The men had a simple loincloth or rather a band f material that went once around their waist and then between their legs. Some at least possessed deerskin moccasins. The women had two garments a length f decorated cloth with holes cut for head and arms, known as a kub. Man and women used a heavier square f cloth known as a manta, which served as an overwrap on cold days, and as a night time blanket. The manta was used as a curtain across the doorway. Cotton and sisal were cultivated on a considerable scale, and weaving was one f the main occupations f Mayan women. Authorities think that cotton was reserved for nobility and priests. While the dress f the peasants was simple, that f the nobility was much more colorful and elaborates (Whitlock 43). Although their clothing was sparse, the Maya were fond f personal adornment. The ordinary people wore ornaments f bone, shell, wood and stone in their ears, noses and lips. For people in the higher rank, the decorations were f metal or jade. They also filed their teeth into points and sometimes covered them with plates f what were to them precious stones, such as obsidian, iron pyrites and most valuable f all jade. Paint was used lavishly on their bodies, and was applied by means f pottery shards dipped in the paint pot. The colors f the paints had significance. The Maya also practiced tattooing (Whitlock 44). Mayan villagers were overall well organized. The families had a certain distribution f land. Probably, each f the habitants

LISTENING JOURNAL COMPOSERS MUSIC HISTORY I Assignment

LISTENING JOURNAL COMPOSERS MUSIC HISTORY I - Assignment Example Johann Sebastian Bach studied orthodox Lutheranism, Latin, Greek, mathematics, history, world geography and German literature. When Johann Sebastian Bach was nine years old he had an encounter with Johann Pachelbel. Johann Sebastian Bach received training on playing the organ at St. Michaels Church. Johann Sebastain Bach went on to play at the Court of the Duke of Weimar. He became master of concerts there. The first work that is to be studied is BWV1052 . In Bachs Harpsichord concierto, the harpsichord is the center piece in the orchestra. The harpsichord transcription was accomplished by adapting the ripieno string parts in order to make this piece emotionally stirring and vibrant. Chords are added in order to give fullness to this composition and there are left hand figurative adaptations in the harpsichord. In the primary and tertiary movement, the left hand of the harpsichordist imitates the ripieno continuo and the right hand of the harpsichordist plays melodically, as if to imitate a violin type sound. The primary and tertiary movements have a similar melodic foundation. The movements occurs in four sections, the commencement demonstrates the them in D minor, which is consequent to the emergence of F major. The second movement follows the leading A minor which is commuted to a C major. The third section resonates to the passive G minor and its accompanying major B flat major. The fourth section gives a recompilation of the prec eding three themes. This is a harpsichord concierto which was originally adapted from a piece made for an oboe. BWV 1053 in E major is a modification of Johann Sebastian Bachs work, the ripieno parts are much less pronounced than in BWV 1052 in D minor and they are given to the tutti venues. The lower tones of the harpsichord are more pronounced in BWV 1053 in E major than they are in BWV1052 in D minor. This adaptation enabled the harpsichord to be the centerpiece of

Mohrs Circle and Strain Gauge Rosette Lab Report

Mohrs Circle and Strain Gauge Rosette - Lab Report Example An aluminium alloy beam, clamped at one end within a rig containing a cam whose full-range rotation leads to a repeatable tip deflection of = 0.5" = 12.7 mm, as shown in Figure1. The beam has dimensions as follows: breadth b = 25.4 mm, depth d = 6.35 mm and length (to the cam) L = 254 mm. Three strain gauges are mounted on the upper surface at 94 mm from the clamped end; these gauges are mounted at 15, 45, and 75 with respect to the longitudinal, x-axis, of the beam, as shown in Figure 2. Each of these gauges can be selected using a switchboard, to be one arm of a Wheatstone bridge arrangement [1 research and give reference ], with a dummy strain gauge providing temperature compensation. The Wheatstone bridge is a divided bridge circuit used to measure electrical resistance; these minute changes in resistance correspond to strain in a strain gage in what is known as a bonded resistance strain gage [2] From a), determine the principal strains I and II, as well as the direction of maximum shear strain. Also, determine the value of Poisson's ratio, , for the material. In this experiment I should theoretically be equal and in the direction of x. Inevitably there will be experimental errors so your result may be different. In the discussion section (6.), discuss possible reasons why the maximum strain obtained may not be predicted to occur in the x-direction,

LISTENING JOURNAL COMPOSERS MUSIC HISTORY I Assignment

LISTENING JOURNAL COMPOSERS MUSIC HISTORY I - Assignment Example Johann Sebastian Bach studied orthodox Lutheranism, Latin, Greek, mathematics, history, world geography and German literature. When Johann Sebastian Bach was nine years old he had an encounter with Johann Pachelbel. Johann Sebastian Bach received training on playing the organ at St. Michaels Church. Johann Sebastain Bach went on to play at the Court of the Duke of Weimar. He became master of concerts there. The first work that is to be studied is BWV1052 . In Bachs Harpsichord concierto, the harpsichord is the center piece in the orchestra. The harpsichord transcription was accomplished by adapting the ripieno string parts in order to make this piece emotionally stirring and vibrant. Chords are added in order to give fullness to this composition and there are left hand figurative adaptations in the harpsichord. In the primary and tertiary movement, the left hand of the harpsichordist imitates the ripieno continuo and the right hand of the harpsichordist plays melodically, as if to imitate a violin type sound. The primary and tertiary movements have a similar melodic foundation. The movements occurs in four sections, the commencement demonstrates the them in D minor, which is consequent to the emergence of F major. The second movement follows the leading A minor which is commuted to a C major. The third section resonates to the passive G minor and its accompanying major B flat major. The fourth section gives a recompilation of the prec eding three themes. This is a harpsichord concierto which was originally adapted from a piece made for an oboe. BWV 1053 in E major is a modification of Johann Sebastian Bachs work, the ripieno parts are much less pronounced than in BWV 1052 in D minor and they are given to the tutti venues. The lower tones of the harpsichord are more pronounced in BWV 1053 in E major than they are in BWV1052 in D minor. This adaptation enabled the harpsichord to be the centerpiece of

An analysis of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward Essay

An analysis of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward - Essay Example His work was known to inculcate pessimism and cynicism which are the opposite of the concepts and philosophies being promoted in his era such as Enlightenment, Romanticism, and Christian humanism (Lovecraft â€Å"Works†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biography page 1). The novel â€Å"The Case of Charles Dexter Ward† is one of the famous novels of Lovecraft in the same atmosphere of horror and fantasy. It is about the main character Charles who became a mental case due to the results of his quest in knowing the life of one of his ancestors Joseph Curwen who was known for his evil activities during his lifetime. There are important points in the novel. One is the impact of fantasy in the novel, which can be considered as the focal point of the story. Without the magical and demonic return of the spirit of Curwen through Charles, the novel would have failed to progress. In any novel, there is a fight between forces of good and evil. And in relation to the common theme of Lovecraft’s works , cosmic horror had an important role and created confusion in the story as well. This can be observed on the decision of the main character to dedicate his life in finding Curwen inspired by the possibility of achieving his capabilities (Lovecraft â€Å"Works†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biography page 1; Lovecraft â€Å"The Case†¦.† Part 1 Par. 6). The focus of the paper is the theme of the novel regarding education which is another important point in the works of Lovecraft. The story specifically pointed out the dangers of biased knowledge based on education focused on a singular aspect which is the quest for an ancestor and his capabilities. Analysis of the Dangers of Biased Education in the Novel H.P. Lovecraft is known for his... H.P. Lovecraft is known for his style of writing in the fantasy and horror fiction genre but most importantly he is known for the importance of education in the themes of his works. The Case of Charles Dexter Ward also shares the same theme. In the story, one of the most important elements that affected the fate of the main character is his biased knowledge due to the lack of balanced perspective. This ultimately resulted in his mental condition. Ward is a an educated person with a degree but â€Å"during the boy’s last year at the Moses Brown School, when he suddenly turned from the study of the past to the study of the occult, and refuse to qualify for college on the ground that he had individual researches of much greater importance to make† (Lovecraft â€Å"The Case†¦.† Part 1 Par. 6). This became the onset of his research on Joseph Curwen and the change in his behavior. One of the observed changes is the behavior and attitude of Charles is the neglect o f other areas of his life to pursue his quest for the occult. This is one of the most important evidence of the dangers of biased education. Due to his obsession to focus on one area of knowledge he underwent a self consuming form of one sided education which led to his mental condition and change in behavior. The behavior that was exhibited by Charles can be compared to brainwashing and other forms of influential effects wherein a person can be totally focused on a single activity, a single aspect of life or a single objective and block the rest.

A Review of Literature of Erosion of Soils

A Review of Literature of Erosion of Soils Introduction Numerous work and research have been undertaken on erosion of soils for many decades. The following literature review is focusing on the relevant topics in terms of soil erosion process as well as the parameters and factors of soil erosion .Moreover, the literature reviews is primarily focusing on the management and control the soil erosion. 1 Soil Erosion by Water To perform this study, it was necessary to understand how soil erosion occurs. Usually it occurs at a low level but can become a problem when the ecological balance disturbed by humans activities or severe weather .The risk of erosion by water when soils with a high sand or silt content that exposed to heavy rainfall. (Defray 2005). It is crucial that considering rainfall and runoff factors when assessing a water erosion problem (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) .Although the soil erosion caused by long-lasting or less-intense rainfall is not as spectacular .But soil movement by rainfall is most noticeable during the short-time, high-intensity thunderstorms and the amount of soil loss can be considerably, especially when compounded over time. While the excess water on a slope that cannot be absorbed into the soil or trapped on the surface, the runoff will occur. The amount of runoff can be increased if infiltration is reduced due to soil compaction. (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) Two stages process involved in the soil erosion, which depend on water detaching and transporting soil. Rainsplash is a key determinant of detachment of soil particles in the first stage of erosion. However, if a growing crop covers the soil surface, the erosive power of rain will dramatically reduced. Once it detached, surface water run off plays a key role in the process of soil particles being transported. Surface run-off can be easily happening during the heavy storms or prolonged rainfall. (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) Tess Wynn investigated the streambank retreat. Normally it is called streambank erosion, the occurrences involved the combination of three processes, subaerial process, fluvial entrainment and mass wasting. Specifically. The term â€Å"subaerial process† is used to describe the climate- related phenomena that reduce the strength of soil .It mainly controlled by climatic conditions, and overly independent of flow. Subaerial processed are often called â€Å"preparatory processes† due to they increase the susceptibility of soil to erosion at high flows (Wolman, 1959;Lawler, 1993) Apparently. Fluvial entrainment means the direct removal of soil particles or aggregates from the streambed or banks by flowing water. (Tess Wynn 2006), but the fluvial erosion of cohesive soils is extremely complex and related to soil properties and test conditions (Grissinger, 1982). The susceptibility of a cohesive soil to erosion influenced by numerous of the parameters of soil, including grain size distribution, soil density, pore water content and chemistry (Grissinger, 1982) Mass wasting also known as bank failure, it occurs when the weight of the bank exceeds the shear strength of soil. The mass wasting can be attributed to increasing the bank height or bank angel due to fluvial erosion or the presence of tension cracks (ASCE, 1998).Research has proved that bank geometry, properties of bank materials and the density and the type of bank vegetation play the key role the occurrence of mass wasting. Hu Liu, Theodore G. Cleveland, and Keh Han Wang conducted the laboratory tests of dependence on properties of soils and. In their study, rainfall was generated by the rainfall simulator; along with flume .The rainfall simulator consist of a wooden frame and a group of PVC pipes with small holes. The soil sample was placed at one end of the flume .In the experiment, the simulator activated by the adjustment of the slope. In addition, six type of soil with different texture and classifications used in this laboratory experiments. The results show more soil erosion produced by the higher rainfall intensity. Besides, the unit soil volume loss affected by shear strength, compressive strength and rainfall intensities but less influenced by the bed slope. (Hu Liu, Theodore G. Cleveland, and Keh Han Wang, 1999) Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger conducted their research in South Africa .Their study indicated the fires are one the important factor that changes the soil properties .their study has been taken in the Western Cape,. The fieldwork focused on water repellency has detrimental influence upon the post-fire erosion Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger(2003) 2 Soil Erodibility Soil erodibility is an estimate of the ability of soils to resist erosion in term of the physical characteristics of soil. Generally, the faster infiltration rates of soil, the higher levels of organic matter and improved soil structure have a greater resistance to erosion silt, very fine sand, and certain clay textured soils tend to be more erodible than Sand, sandy loam and loam textured soils cropping practices which lower soil organic matter levels, cause poor soil structure, and result of compacted contribute to increases in soil erodibility. Compacted subsurface soil layers result in decreased infiltration and increased runoff. A formation of a soil crust, can create the decreased of infiltration, however, normally the growth of runoff water is attended by the greater soil erosion problems. (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) There is a definite link between Past erosion and soils. The original soils tend to be less erodible than the exposed subsurface soils on eroded sites were, owing to their lower organic matter or poorer structure .The lower nutrient levels usually related with subsoils contribute to lower crop yields and generally poorer crop cover, which in turn provides less crop protection for the soil. (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) Gregory J. Hanson provided the complex problem about how to predict the erodibilty of soil material by flowing water. Base on the knowledge of hydraulic characteristics and the characteristics of cohesive soils .Laboratory Jet tests were carried out on soil samples compacted at different moisture content dynamic. Jet detection apparatus and method description of the excess stress parameters determined kd and tc. An example of this is used to test the soil in the laboratory to determine the appropriate placement in the field. The flume tests and field trials were carried out to verify the plane corrosion. (Gregory J.2002) 3 Slope Gradients and Length Basically. The steeper slope areas, the greater amount of soil erosion by water.Soil erosion of water also increased with slope length due to the greater accumulation of runoff. The consolidation of small fields into larger results is often no longer the slope length of the potential for erosion, because water with an increase rate that allows a greater degree of scouring (carrying capacity of the sediment) (BC.S.Baldwin 2003) 4 Soil Deposition Soil particles of all sizes may be moved during run-off. When flow stopped, these start to settle. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), sediment is a root cause of water quality impairment (USEPA, 2002).excess Suspended sediments to reduce diversity and rich of aquatic organisms, reduce reservoir capacity, improve drinking water treatment costs, and serve as a carrier of pollutants.(Tess Wynn,2006) The erosion process of cohesive sediment was studied in Masato Sekine and Nobuaki Iizuka study .To full understand the process, they also conduct an experiment .Clay mixed with different compositions were used to test samples of the form of erosion of water pipes in a closed experimental apparatus. Specifically .Experiments carried out a square circle closed pipeline system cross-section 400 centimeters in length and 10 centimeters wide, 10 centimeters deep. 5 Vegetation The potential of soil erosion is increased, if the soil with little or no vegetation, plants and crop residues. Residue cover to protect plants and soil from rain splash, tends to slow down surface runoff flows, and ensures excess surface water infiltration. Erosion soils reducing the efficiency of the plant or residue cover depends on the category, degree and quantity of cover. Combination of vegetation and residue completely covered the soil, and to intercept all falling raindrops, and near the surface and the most effective control of soil (such as forests, permanent grassland). Part into the residue and the root is also very important because they provide the channel that allows surface water into the soil. The effectiveness of any crop, management system or protective cover also depends on how much protection can be at different times during the year, the relative amount of erosive rainfall during these periods belong to. In this aspect , the crops with food, protective cover a major part of the year (for example, alfalfa or winter cover crops) can reduce soil erosion can be far more than crops leave the soil bare for a longer period of time (such as row crops) , especially during the high erosive rainfall (spring and summer).( C.S.Baldwin 2003) I.J. Shelton also investigated tillage operations influence upon the soil erosion, which depending on the depth, direction and timing of the plowing, the types of farming equipment and a number of passes. Generally speaking, the less interference or residual vegetation cover at or near the surface, the more efficient farming practices, and reduce soil erosion (I.J. Shelton 2003) Soil erosion potential is affected by tillage operations, depending on the depth, direction and timing of plowing, the type of tillage equipment and the number of passes. Generally, the less the disturbance of vegetation or residue cover at or near the surface, the more effective the tillage practice in reducing erosion. Regarding the effects of vegetation on streambank stability , Tess Wynn examined the vegetation influences the chemical and properties of steambanks and the local micro climate .The multiple effects on subaerial process produced by riparian vegetation including the dense cover of vegetation absorbs the energy of rainfall ,reducing soil detachment by raindrop . But it should be noted that the effects of vegetation on stream hydraulic varies with the stream stage, width and season. Additionally. Distribution of energy and sediment in a stream influenced by the vegetation. (Tess Wynn 2006) Tess Wynn 2006 addressed the vegetation cover problem. Extensive erosion by wind may result from the lack of permanent vegetation cover in certain locations. Loose, dry, bare soil is the most susceptible; however, crops that produce low levels of residue also may not provide enough resistance. Besides, crops that produce a lot of residue which not protect the soil in severe conditions. Therefore, an adequate network of living windbreaks along with good tillage, residue management, and crop selection are considered to be the most effective vegetative cover for protection. (Tess Wynn 2006) South Africa is a country which lack of the water, but the Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger have described the theory of fire -induced water repellency and the following soil erosion in their study. Generally, In South Africa, alien species require more water than the indigenous one. Therefore, alien vegetation provides a poor ground cover compared to the indigenous vegetation, which could result in surface run off and soil erosion (.Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger 1996). Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger observed the Alien vegetation apparently has been considered as a key issue in the ecosystem of Western Cape. Water yield was decreased in the long term due to the alien vegetation consume a large amount of water, as a result, the biodiversity is threatened. In addition, fire in the alien vegetation for the results of erosion-prone slopes. (Jill Fernqvist and Ida Florberger, 2003) Defra (2005) summarized the Management Practices using Vegetables and Salad Crops in soil erosion Control. And offered some solutions to prevent the soil erosion when undertaking the cultivations, irrigation and harvest. (Defra 2005) 6 Soil Erosion by Wind Soil is also erosion by wind, although the effect is not noticeable like the erosion by water. C.S.Baldwin studied the rate and magnitude of soil erosion by wind is decided by many factors: Erodibility of Soil The wind suspends very fine particles and then transported great distances. Fine and medium size particles can be lifted and deposited by wind. While coarse particles can be blown along the surface (commonly known as the saltation effect). Soil Surface Roughness Soil surfaces only provide little resistance to the wind. However, ridges can be filled in and the roughness broken down by abrasion to produce a smoother surface susceptible to the wind in a long time. Excess tillage is a threat to soil, because it breakdown the soil structure and increased erosion. Climate There is a define link between the speed and duration of the wind and extent of soil erosion. The levels of Soil moisture can be very slightly low at the surface of excessively drained soils or during periods of dro ught, and releasing the particles for transport by wind. It occurs in freeze drying of the surface in winter. Adverse operating conditions maybe created by wind erosion in the field. Crops can be completely ruined so that costly delay and reseeding is necessary (C.S.Baldwin 2003) 7 Effects of Soil Erosion The negative changes from bank erosion including farmland productivity losses, damage to building structures such as bridges, roads etc. I.J. Shelton defined the on-site effects and off-site effects. On-site effects mean extension of the elimination of the impact of soil erosion of valuable topsoil. Crop emergence, growth and yield a direct impact on the loss of, natural and applied fertilizer and soil nutrients. Seeds and plants may interfere with or completely abolish the erosion site. Organic matter in soil, residues and any applicable fertilizer, a relatively light weight, can be transported off-site, especially in the spring thaw conditions. While the off-site effect is not always obvious as on-site effects, but Eroded soil, deposited down slope can inhibit or delay the emergence of the seed, bury small seedling, need to replant in the affected areas. Soil quality, structure, stability and texture can be affected by the loss of soil. The breakdown of aggregates and the removal o f smaller particles or entire layers of soil or organic matter can weaken the structure and even change the texture. Textural changes can in turn affect the water-holding capacity of the soil, making it more susceptible to extreme condition such a drought. (I.J. Shelton 2003) According to the C.S.Baldwin (2003), Sediment can contribute to road damage, accelerate bank erosion, and reduce downstream water quality. What is worse, Pesticides, and fertilizers, which contained in the soils. They frequently transported with eroded soil pollution or contamination of water downstream and entertainment district. 8 Conservation Measures While, based upon research, various conservation measures can be taken to reduce soil erosion by both water and wind. Tillage, cropping practices, and land management practices, have a direct impact on the overall soil erosion problem and solutions to a farm. When crop rotations or changing tillage practices are not enough areas where erosion control method or a combination of more extreme measures may be necessary. For example, contour plowing, strip cropping, or terracing may be considered. (C.S.Baldwin 2003) The defra (2005) advised measures about how to control the soil erosion. In their study, four categories of solution were presented. It is crucial to understand that erosion control on susceptible soil types can be successfully achieved to reduce the impact of rainfall erosion and maintain soil infiltration rate, so that the surface flow are avoided. It can be achieved by 1 To protect the soil from rainfall impact, whether it is permanent vegetation cover or land rotation, timely crop establishment and retention of surface crop residues. 2 Avoiding smooth, flat finishes to exposed field surfaces, so that good water seepage rates remain unchanged. 3 Avoiding tramlines, wheeling or cultivation features that can channel surface flow. 4 Seeking to increase the organic matter content in the means of improving the stability of the soil in the longer term. Steep slope and erosion because of increased risk, the efficiency of these measures is becoming increasingly important. When deciding on the combination of measures to apply in any particular situation, consideration should always be the serious erosion that may occur, if the case happened. In some cases, a measure aimed at controlling erosion may increase. For example, work along the contour is sometimes used to reduce runoff, but if the profile is not strictly followed, the accumulation of water at low points which might break over the cultivation features. (Defra 2005) Meanwhile, good management practices play a pivotal role in the control of soil erosion. Some examples and considerations were presented in defra (2005) study. In order to minimize the soil erosion when soil in the most vulnerable condition, the different type and timing of cultivations should be planned. Obviously, the overall aim should be the soil maintain in a less vulnerable condition as long as possible .Therefore, defra (2005) provided the good management of the farm to reduce erosion risks in terms of seedbed preparation, directions of cultivations and irrigation. 9 Conclusion Soil erosion is a natural and slow process. It has the detrimental effect on the environmental. Normally the agents of soil erosion are water and wind, the soil erosion is affected by many factors .But soil erosion could be effectively controlled and minimized by taken appropriate measures. References Abernethy, B. and I. D. Rutherfurd. 1998. Where along a rivers length will vegetation most effectively stabilize stream banks? Geomorphology. 23(1):55-75 ASCE. 1998. River width adjustment. I: Processes and mechanisms. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 124(9):881-902. Coppin, N. J. and I. G. Richards. 1990. Use of Vegetation in Civil Engineering. Butterworths.London Department for environment food and rural affairs .2005 .Controlling soil erosion, Defra Publications, London. G.J.de Boer .2002.on the consolidation and erosion of cohesive sediments.Deflt University of Technology .Civil Engineering and Geosciences G. Wall, C.S. Baldwin and I.J. Shelton. 2003. Soil Erosion Causes and Effects .Face Sheet.Queen`s print for Ontario Jill Fernqvist, Ida Florberger 2003. Fire and post-fire soil erosion in the Western Cape, South Africa: Field observations and management practices. Committee of Tropical Ecology, Uppsala University, Sweden. Tess Wynn.2006. Streambank Retreat: A Primer. Vol. 4, No.1 January March 2006. Watershed Update Thorne, C. R. and N. K. Tovey. 1981. Stability of composite river banks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 6(5):469-484

Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Development of the Novel and Characters

The Development of   the Novel and Characters   In the novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, the character of Ethan Frome plays an important role in the development of the rest of the book. He has several character traits which distinguish him from the other main characters. Also, there are many factors which play against him throughout the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The physical appearance of Ethan Frome played a significant part in creating his character. He was a tall, thin man. He had dark colored hair and dark eyes. He seemed a little rough around the edges and the scar on the side of his face was another of his distinguishing marks. At the very beginning of the book, he is 52 years old, but is described as looking much older than that. Throughout the main part of the book, which is a flashback, Frome is in his 20's. After the sledding accident with Mattie, he is left with bad vision in his right eye, which causes him trouble sometimes. Ethan Frome stutters and speaks in abbreviated forms sometimes. Most of the people in the town and in the novel speak in abbreviated forms. The actual town itself and the surroundings of Frome are harsh and cold, especially in winter when the book takes place. These harsh surroundings make Frome who he is and give him a "careless powerful look".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Speech also renders some importance in this novel. A few examples of abbreviated words are: "Wurst kind", and "More'n enough", and lastly "Oh, I ain't afr'd". All of these slang words and also many more were used throughout the novel. This misuse of words shows that Frome and the other characters were not well educated. The work was more important than learning and also, Ethan Frome's p... ...im. As they stood in each others arms, they experienced a sense of ease that neither of them had ever felt before. They had led hard lives and this was the end. Theirs dreams were crushed, yet these moments were very important in the course of their lives. This was also the point in which they decided that if they couldn't live with each other, they wouldn't live at all. They decided to commit suicide mutually, and failed. It may have been better off if they had succeeded, because they led miserable lives after the accident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, created a vivid character image for the actual character of Ethan Frome. His role was depicted by physical appearance, speech, behavior and motivation, response and change, worst life experience, and best life experience. All of these themes help develop the novel and other characters. Essay on Wharton's Ethan Frome: Development of the Novel and Characters The Development of   the Novel and Characters   In the novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, the character of Ethan Frome plays an important role in the development of the rest of the book. He has several character traits which distinguish him from the other main characters. Also, there are many factors which play against him throughout the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The physical appearance of Ethan Frome played a significant part in creating his character. He was a tall, thin man. He had dark colored hair and dark eyes. He seemed a little rough around the edges and the scar on the side of his face was another of his distinguishing marks. At the very beginning of the book, he is 52 years old, but is described as looking much older than that. Throughout the main part of the book, which is a flashback, Frome is in his 20's. After the sledding accident with Mattie, he is left with bad vision in his right eye, which causes him trouble sometimes. Ethan Frome stutters and speaks in abbreviated forms sometimes. Most of the people in the town and in the novel speak in abbreviated forms. The actual town itself and the surroundings of Frome are harsh and cold, especially in winter when the book takes place. These harsh surroundings make Frome who he is and give him a "careless powerful look".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Speech also renders some importance in this novel. A few examples of abbreviated words are: "Wurst kind", and "More'n enough", and lastly "Oh, I ain't afr'd". All of these slang words and also many more were used throughout the novel. This misuse of words shows that Frome and the other characters were not well educated. The work was more important than learning and also, Ethan Frome's p... ...im. As they stood in each others arms, they experienced a sense of ease that neither of them had ever felt before. They had led hard lives and this was the end. Theirs dreams were crushed, yet these moments were very important in the course of their lives. This was also the point in which they decided that if they couldn't live with each other, they wouldn't live at all. They decided to commit suicide mutually, and failed. It may have been better off if they had succeeded, because they led miserable lives after the accident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, created a vivid character image for the actual character of Ethan Frome. His role was depicted by physical appearance, speech, behavior and motivation, response and change, worst life experience, and best life experience. All of these themes help develop the novel and other characters.

The Gates Essay examples -- essays research papers

The long awaited project phenomenon that is due to make art history, The Gates, by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Given permission by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg on January 22, 2003, the project is set to be mounted in Central Park in New York City February 12th of this year. The planned project is to resemble a golden river. Thus consisted to 7500 gates in total standing 16 feet (4.87 meters) high with a width changing from 5' 6" to 18 feet (1,67 m to 5,48 meters) going along the edges of the Central Park pathways. Saffron colored fabric panels suspended from the horizontal top part of the gates will come down to approximately 7 feet ( 2,13 meters) above the ground. Each gate will be spaced at 12 foot (3,65 meter) from each other, but might vary where trees expand above the walkways allowing the synthetic woven panels to wave towards the next gate and be seen from far away through the leafless branches of the trees. The construction itself is a big development in itself. There are to be hundreds of residents to help in the project for temporary employment doing the following things: Manufacturing and assembling of the gates structures, Installation workers, Maintenance teams around the clock, in uniform and with radios, Removal workers. The work is consisted of a lot of materials that, in the end, will be recycled at an assembly plant in Queens,NY. The materials are as follows: †¢ 5,290 US Tons of steel (4,799 Metric Tons) (10,580,000 pounds) (equal to 2/3 the ste...

Personal Professional Development Essay

In this section of the report I will explain the importance of continual self  development and implement my own personal development plan (PDP) in line with my organisations objectives. To achieve this I will review the requirements of my employer and its clients and review my own personal needs and determine the skills and knowledge I will need to meet them. I will assess the gaps in my current skills and knowledge in line with the organisational objectives. I will identify my personal learning objectives and start filling those gaps and propose the actions for achieving these objectives. My PDP will be SMART and include measures for success, resources required and target dates for review and completion where appropriate. Continuous self-development is a process in which people take responsibility for their own learning. Self-development can be defined as Maintaining and continuing to improve and develop knowledge and competencies which can improve your performance in the workplace. Developing specific qualities and skills Advancing your full potential as a person by been proactive According to Pedlar et al, (2007) they believe that â€Å"Self-development is personal development, with the person taking primary responsibility for their own learning and for choosing the means to achieve this. Ultimately, it is about increasing your capacity and willingness to take control over and be responsible for events†(p30). As demonstrated by Pedlar et al. (2007) self development is about an individual been proactive and developing their learning capacity by empowering themselves to take control of their own learning and be responsible for it. Another important factor linked to self-development is Developing Greater Self-Awareness. Goleman suggests that self-awareness involves: Emotional self awareness: recognising your emotions and the impact they have on your life. Accurate self-assessment: identifying your strengths and limitations. Self-confidence: knowing yourself worth and capabilities. By improving self awareness we can create opportunities for a better work  life balance , become aware of our emotions, and improve our ability to respond to change. These qualities will enhance the performance of a manager and is important to include these elements when developing a PDP. For continual self-development to take place an individual has to determine how and by what means is required to achieve continual self-development in achieving organisational objectives. According to Martin (2005) â€Å"An organisation is a group of individuals and as individuals develop, so do the organisations that employ them† Martin (2005) suggests Organisations give importance to continual self-development because it is effective for organisations in terms of achieving organisational objectives if the employees develop then so does the organisation. It is important that the business plan objectives of the organisation are taken into consideration when building a Personal Development Plan, as any personal development should complement the organisation’s plans. If people don’t continually self-develop and perform to meet organisational objectives the organisation does not develop and perform to met the organisational objectives. The organisation can become stagnant and fail to achieve the overall strategic company outcome to be financially viable and show a profit. It is important to continually self-develop so an individual can succeed in maintaining their position within the organisation but also to progress and achieve organisational objectives. An example of continual self-development in achieving organisational objectives is to maintain organisational legislation for instance the Health and Safety law. If the individual in the organisation who is responsible for the health and safety law does not comply with the health and safety rules, it could increase the chance that individuals may be hurt. It could also increase the chance that the organisation could be fined for health and safety violations, or that the individual responsible for this role could be suspended or fired for putting the organisation and its employees at unnecessary risk. An example of my continual self-development in achieving  organisational objectives is to continually ensure I am current and up to date with my knowledge of funding eligibility, which is governed by the Skills funding Agency (SFA). If I do not develop my understanding of new legislation set by the SFA the company can become at risk of not meeting the set contractual requirements. This can have a detrimental effect on the company which could lead to loss of revenue or loss of contracts which in turn could result in staff becoming unemployed. To summarise, the performance of employees is directly linked to organisational performance hence the achievement of organisational objectives. The performance of employees can be improved through the continuous self-development process which clarifies the importance of continual self development within an organisation. Personal development plans (PDPs) provide a powerful and flexible way to link employee’s professional and personal development with the development of the organisation. My job role within Intertrain is the National contracts & compliance manager intertrain’s organisational chart is presented in appendix 1 to demonstrate my management role within the organisation. To be able to assess and plan for personal professional development a process needs to take place. It is important in learning new skills or developing new competencies that they are planned and structured. I will use Kolb’s learning cycle as the structure for my PDP, this will implemented to assess and reflect on my current experiences and skills. This will then in turn allow me to review and identify the development opportunities and then test them out and reflect what has been learnt in meeting organisational objectives.

Community and Culture Play a Role in Determining the Risk for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Essay

Substance abuse and addiction are major problems in society today. Every segment of society, regardless of race, gender, or age is affected. Some of the substances that are used grow naturally, whereas others are manufactured illicitly or even legitimately in laboratories. They may be smoked, inhaled, ingested, or injected and used for social, religious, or self-medicating purposes. The substances that are abused include caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, steroids, stimulants, depressants, heroin, cocaine and the list goes on. Substance abuse ranks high among serious health problems. Since 1979 illicit drug use and alcohol consumption has declined, but the widespread use of and dependence on these substances continues. Nicotine, now classified by the Food and Drug Administration as an addictive substance, is linked to more deaths annually than AIDS, cancer, and other substances combined. Alcohol is also a major social problem today. Use and abuse of alcohol are a factor in contributing to injuries and death. The cost of substance abuse is increasing in our society. Lives are lost, and loss of work productivity costs millions of dollars each year. Alcohol is a factor in 40% of all motor vehicle accidents, and alcohol and other drugs are often implicated in boating or athletic accidents. Costs’ include not only lives lost but also medical care, long-term services to the disabled, and increased insurance rates. Health care cost for clients that use alcohol, drugs, and nicotine are estimated to be greater than $160 billion annually. It has been confirmed that there is link between violence and alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol and drugs are a factor in vandalism on college campuses, date rape, sexual assault, and domestic violence. Under the influence of alcohol and drugs, young adults are more likely to engage in unsafe sexual practices, and parents are more likely to abuse their children. Certain factors place some individuals at greater risk than others for the development of abuse and dependence. Biological, psychological, or environmental conditions may predispose a person to the development of a drug or alcohol problem. Risk factors may include some of the following; heavy use of alcohol and other drugs or the presence of abuse or dependency by family members, presence of psychological conflicts, which a person may attempt to resolve through drug use. Other factors that predict that there may be a risk for alcohol and drug abuse include some of the following: †¢Failure in school †¢Rebelliousness and alienation †¢Need for immediate gratification †¢Lack of empathy †¢Frequent lying †¢Insensitivity to punishment The family which is the most powerful unit of socialization transmits cultural beliefs, myths, and values about alcohol and drug use. Also peers, and media personalities deliver messages about drug use, drug-using lifestyles, and the use of wines and spirits are subject of cultural traditions of families. Some groups have used wine strictly for celebratory purposes, others for religious rituals, and some for sustenance. Many cultural groups do not consider alcohol a drug. The result is that among many groups a double standard exists for alcohol and other drugs. Illicit drugs are considered dangerous and unhealthy, but alcohol is accepted and not considered threatening to the individual family, or society. However alcohol and drugs can be threatening to the individual, family, and our society. Substance abuse is known to affect ones behavior and personality. Abusers are known to be manipulative and often are in denial. One of the greatest consequences of alcohol abuse is the physiological damage that can be done. Alcohol is absorbed directly from the stomach and exerts system depression and physiological effects throughout the body almost immediately. In low doses, alcohol produces relaxation, loss of inhibition, loss of concentration, drowsiness, slurred speech, and sleep apnea. When alcohol or any drug of abuse is terminated abruptly by a person who is physiologically dependent they may begin to experience withdrawals. Onset of symptoms of withdrawals begins within 6-12 hours following the cessation or reduction of the drug or alcohol. Withdrawal must be treated, if not withdrawal may progress to withdrawal delirium untreated delirium may result in death. Treatment can be approached on several different bases. Inpatient hospitalization is usually a 2 to 4 week hospitalization in a unit of a general hospital, residential treatment center or psychiatric hospital; therapy provides corrective emotional experiences. This atmosphere provides safety, restricts access to the drug, and monitors self-destructive behavior. Detoxification Is a supervised medical regimen to withdraw the client from drugs that have induced psychological and physiological dependence. Rehabilitation is usually at a long-term hospital that addresses all phases of treatment. In many areas halfway houses serve as a rehabilitation facility that provides a sheltered and emotionally and financially supportive environment with peers. Counseling is a useful and effective means it can be administered on an individual basis or in family counseling. Support groups would be another effective means to support a person with substance-related disorders and their families. There are many groups modeled on the Twelve-Step approach of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Other groups include Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Al-Anon (ANA), Adult Children of Alcoholic’s (ACOA), Sex and love addicts Anonymous (SLAA) and Ala-Teen (ALAT). These are a few of the self-help groups that can be contacted in our communities to help those who are abusing or have friends or family members who are abusers. Most of these groups are free of charge and are conducted by people who have abused and are now recovering.

Software implementation methods

Description of the AdministrationSanolabor is a big sized selling and distribution company in Slovenia. It chiefly deals with health care, pharmaceutical and laboratory equipments acquired from more than 500 makers and providers both internationally and locally ( Sanolabor. Corporate Profile [ Online ] ) . In 2000 the company was awarded an ISO 9001:2000 quality direction certification for its proviso of quality services. The company is divided into two chief parts ; the retail subdivision which was apparatus to cover with individualized demands ( Sanolabor. Retail. Offer [ Online ] ) and the sweeping section which supplies wellness establishments, scientific establishments and industry with merchandises like ; research lab plans, medical and hospital equipment and a scope of other commercial merchandises ( Sanolabor. Wholesale [ Online ] ) .Description of the Implementation MethodSanolabor decided to roll-out their new Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) utilizing the rapid execution. Software execution methods ( Anon. , 2001, pg39 ) suggests This technique is used to deploy systems whose faculties have already been predefined taking to a fast and direct alteration over from the bequest system to the new one, as a consequence companies are sometimes forced to alter their concern processes to suit the system. In Software execution methods ( Anon. , 2001, pg39 ) Rapid execution is categorized into two parts there is: The preconfigured faculty where the user accepts the basic constellation of the system and the predefined concern procedures and the Vanilla Implementation where the user gets to analyse and take the map parametric quantities of the already preconfigured package. Some of the advantages that come with Rapid execution are:The undertaking costs less.There is speedy determination devising.There are minimum concern breaks while implementing the system.Some of the disadvantages of utilizing this method are:Companies may non hold clip custom-make the package to suit their concern procedures.Most of the clip the top direction is required to take part and do speedy determinations.It is normally inflexible and delivers a system with limited functionality.Summary of instance surveySanolabor decided to follow a Microsoft Excel-based system due to the addition of planetary competition and rapid alteration in the market. The system would assist the company supervise client in formation and bring forth analytical studies but because of its engineering it became unstable and could non work decently. Sing that a alteration was needed a undertaking squad was setup its undertaking was to present a to the full functional CRM system. The undertaking commenced on January 2006 and its timeline was set to one twelvemonth, the first aim of this squad was to look for a seller who would be able to supply a system whose characteristics replicated the old one together with some improved maps. The seller ‘s first undertaking was to capture user demands and within a short clip the first paradigm was delivered. By this clip the undertaking squad had grown to 42 people, they were divided into three groups and sanolabor ‘s computing machines were chosen as a testing environment. A preparation session was held in July and failed due deficiency of proper planning. Two months subsequently another preparation session was constituted and because of better be aftering the consequences were deemed successful. Data migration was initiated following and completed without any challenges ; one time this was done the CRM was quickly implemented and shortly after jobs at the operational and managerial degree began to harvest up. Another job which was encountered was that 60 workstations crashed due to incompatibility issues with an interface developed by the seller, the company besides changed its concern procedures to suit the package. The system was monitored for four months with errors being reported to the seller and after subsequent corrections were made it became stable and the undertaking was closed in March 2007. ( 286 words )Critical analysis of the success of the execution method usedBing that sanolabor did non see the concluding version of their CRM system during the proving session, it was an unadvised move to quickly implement the new system. In a systems development life-cycle all members of a squad set abouting a undertaking must be actively involved, the undertaking director sho uld understand his/her function and every activity must be planned and monitored. In sanolabor ‘s instance the undertaking squad left all the work from the analysis to the execution phase to the package seller. No enterprise was taken until jobs started to happen in the latter phases of the development life-cycle and as a consequence it ended up being dearly-won for the company in footings of resources and clip. Harmonizing to package execution methods ( Anon. , 2001, pg41 ) one should thoroughly measure to find where rapid execution is appropriate for your organisation, this rating was non done decently even though the implementing undertaking of the new CRM system into the company was successful. Below is a elaborate history of the challenges and the result that lead to a successful CRM execution. These experiences were both shared by the undertaking squad and the package seller. In order to successfully implement a system in a real-work environment one must understand the concern needs every bit good as user demands of that company and good preparation guidelines must besides be followed, sanolabor ‘s CRM undertaking lacked these properties and as a consequence the company faced a batch of jobs in the execution stage. After choosing a seller the undertaking squad decided to utilize the vanilla execution to deploy the system, hence a batch of loops to the parametric quantities were done in conformity to the users ‘ demands, the result was that the undertaking director did non see the concluding version of the system ( Franka & A ; Armand, 2007 ) . The first jobs began to demo up in the preparation stage ; the users were unhappy because of the manner the Sessionss were carried out. ( Sanolabor, 2006e cited in Franka & A ; Armand, 2007 ) gives an history of the issues that were faced during preparation:The user demands were inadequately fulfilled i. e. non all the maps performed as the user expected.The employees had a negative attitude towards the CRM because they feared that the work burden would increase and the company ‘s organisational construction would alter, therefore their motive was low.The undertaking squad had grown to 42 people by this clip which made it excessively big for proper preparation to take topographic point.A suited preparation environment was non carefully chosen. It was done with sanolabor ‘s old computing machines which were really slow and lacked the capacity to back up the package.Due to the big figure of users that were supposed to be trained and the handiness of clip, the Sessionss were excessively short and did n't supply sufficient information of the systems functionality.The user manuals were besides unequal because they did non reflect the proper guidelines of how to utilize the CRM.The preparation was conducted unprofessionally.Because the above result had to be rectified, the und ertaking squad took charge of the undertaking and started by make up one's minding to carry through the user demands foremost, one time this was complete they moved to prove it and it was done to a satisfactory degree. The following measure after successfully finishing the first two activities was developing. These Sessionss took topographic point two months subsequently after the initial attempted and in order to obtain successful consequences a different attack was taken. The undertaking director take to ( Franka & A ; Armand, 2007 ) :Motivate the user groups by giving them confidence of better things to come, this ensured cooperation.Reduce the undertaking squad significantly to 21 people: seven users per group this ensured manageableness,Add the Sessionss to three hours from the old 45 proceedingss this gave the users ‘ ample clip to prove the system.Improved the user manual, this lead to a better apprehension of the system.Upgraded the computing machines that were at sano labor to back up the CRM.The consequences of the 2nd preparation were positive as it could besides be seen from the users. The following measure was to migrate the information from the bequest systems to the new CRM solution ; this was done without any jobs. After the preparation and informations migration was completed successfully, the squad was now certain that the system was ready to ‘go unrecorded ‘ . It was quickly implemented and shortly after jobs began to happen: at the operational degree Franka & A ; Armand ( 2007 ) study that ‘reclamations grounds was uncomplete, print of demands was inconsistent with demands, communicating between merchandise directors was hindered ‘ and for the analytical degree ‘reports did non present contents sing certain filters, other studies were impossible to obtain ‘ . Sanolabor besides wanted to utilize Microsoft Outlook together with the CRM solution, this prompted the seller to come up with an interface tha t would incorporate both. Franka & A ; Armand ( 2007, pg.205 ) writes that the: ‘Purpose was to put in the interface on all of the 60 working Stationss automatically, but it happened that the basic Microsoft system crashed down. Companies or providers proficient sup ­port did non expect instability, which could ensue from such operation. It caused extra costs to the company ; purchasing new licenses and probationary support with installing of new programmes on all working Stationss ‘ . Due to the dictates of utilizing the rapid execution method sanolabor had to alter their concern processes to suit into their new system this did non do any jobs because they were already client oriented. The execution procedure was monitored for four months where the undertaking director consistently reported errors to the provider and checked on its public presentation ( Sanolabor, 2006b cited in Franka & A ; Armand, 2007 ) . Company decided to travel with an analytical CRM for the intent of leading, activity monitoring of employees, better inform ­ing, betterment of dealingss with clients and better strate ­gic determinations. It gave the replies to employees, why company decided to upgrade CRM. All this can act upon on the betterment of the general relationship with custom ­ers. After going stable in March 2007 the undertaking officially closed.BibliographySanolabor. Corporate Profile [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sanolabor.si/eng/prispevek.asp? IDPodPodrocja=442 [ Accessed 1 March 2010 ] )Sanolabor. Retail. Offer [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sanolabor.si/eng/prispevek.asp? IDPodPodrocja=445 [ Accessed 1 March 2010 ] )Sanolabor. Wholesale [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sanolabor.si/eng/prispevek.asp? IDPodPodrocja=440 [ Accessed 1 March 2010 ]Franka Piskar & A ; Armand Faganel, 2009. A Successful CRM Implemen tation Project in a Service Company: Case Study. [ pdf ] Slovenia: Organizacija volume 42 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //organizacija.fov.uni-mb.si/index.php/organizacija-en/article/viewFile/1036/864 [ Accessed 30 February 2010 ]Anon, 2001. Software Implementation Method. [ pdf ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //vig.pearsoned.co.uk/samplechapter/078972670X.pdf [ Accessed 27 February 2010 ]